Study of wing venation in Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) in Dehradun of Uttarakhand, India

Abstract

Costa and sub costa veins are found in the wings of Zygogramma bicolorata. They appear as dark coloured markings. The wing comprises three margins namely anterior margin, posterior margin and Apex. Coastal margin is another name for anterior margin. There are coastal margins on the wings’ front or first side. The posterior margin is located towards the back of the wing, whereas the apex or apical margin is located at the pointed end of the wing. The anal margin is another name for the posterior edge. The veins in the wing are further divided into two parts which is proximal and distal. The veins are denoted with the help of vein coordinates ranging from one to thirty-six. Vein coordinates help in denoting the exact location of the veins which form the basic framework of the hind wings. From the current analysis it was concluded that the veins found on the hind wing of Z. bicolorata are as follows costa, subcostal anterior, subcosta, radius, radius basal, radius anterior, subcosta posterior, radius posterior, radius (2-3), radius (4-5), media anterior (1-2), media posterior (1-2), media posterior (3-4), medial, cubital, cubitus anterior (1-2), base of cubitus (3-4), auxillary (1-3) and radio-medial cross vein. Costa is represented by C and represents the rib portion, subcosta is represented by Sc and is found below the rib portion, radius is represented by R representing the forearm region, media is represented by M which represents the middle portion, cubitus is represented by Cu, which represents the elbow region and anal veins is represented by A, which represents the posterior position. All these are the main longitudinal veins found from the anterior margin towards the posterior margin of the wing.